Abstract: The theoretical background of concepts related to sports marketing activities, sports sponsorship, marketing performance, and the reality of the latter in the Iraqi sports clubs were taken into account. It is important in the continuation and success of sports organizations, especially sports clubs, and to find out the results and suggestions reached by the researcher. There was a weakness in marketing performance, which was due to poor interest in the use of marketing activities and sports sponsorships in the practices and activities of sports clubs, and to diagnose and treat them. The researcher concluded that the results were the most important of which was the level of Marketing performance in the clubs studied. The results of the study are a group of suggestions; the most important among them is the interest to improve the sports activities through supporting and sponsoring them in marketing, because it reflects the performance of the sports club. Hence, it is necessary to achieve competition and excellence in the sports market.

Abstract: The current research attempts to determine the role of some activities of reverse logistics including recycling, repair, refurbishment, reuse, re-manufacturing in the sustainability of competitive advantages at the level of Mosul Steel and Iron Company. The research problem focused on answering the main question is the activities of reverse logistics have the role in achieving sustainable competitive advantages of the organization? The objective of the research is to provide a conceptual framework of reverse logistics activities; sustainable competitive advantage and the test of the correlation and influence among them.  Forty three questionnaires were distrusted and analyzed using the SPSS program. A number of conclusions were reached; the most important of these is that there is a significant role for these activities in sustaining the competitive advantages by achieving the hypotheses of the research. A range of proposals were presented which might benefit the company's management.

Abstract: The research aims to study and evaluation the development performance in the Turkish economy during the period from 1960-2012, based on the methodology of structural transformation which is to be considered as one of the most certified methods to evaluate the developmental performance for the developing countries in the long term. It is hypothesized that the Turkish economy has achieved the structural transformation and passed a very important stage of development, in addition to have the required potential to attain the developed countries. The research has two important parts, the first shows the involved theoretical part from works of the structural transformation and its methodology as it is mentioned in the literature of economy. Also, this part of the research has quickly shown the most important trends in Turkish economy. The second part has focused on showing the standard model used in the research, results, discussion and analysis. Accordingly, the research concluded into group of results; the Turkish economy has achieved structural transformation at the end of 20th century. Thus, it sought forwardly to realize high ranks among the progressed countries, so it has exceeded other required developments quickly.

Abstract: The current research aimed to present different strategic views through studying the relationship between strategic consciousness, strategic thinking in business organizations, and the conceptualization of these variables by a sample of Al-Najaf Police Directorate and reflections on achieving strategic victory. The research depended on the applied methodology that can involve three measurements for strategic consciousness. They are (reformulation, organizational thinking, learning tendency, contemplation), strategic thinking (organizational view, intentional focus, smart chance, real – time thinking, hypothesis direction), strategic victory (vision, existence, power, and value). There were used to enhance these concepts for a sample of decision – makers (105) officer. The sample was distributed to directors and their assistants. Data were also collected according to the main references and analyzed according to SPSS V. 19. Results of pilot study have concluded that the strategic consciousness influences directly on achieving strategic victory. This influence may be increased intermediately with the strategic thinking that may present successful resolutions to the research community in case of crisis. The research also uncovered that there is a positive relationship between the variables of the research. Two applications were identified in this paper; the first may be specialized in achieving the strategic consciousness and strategic victory through strategic thinking, and the conceptualization of these subjects in Al-Najaf Police Directorate. The second application is directed to the decision – makers to realize that the need to strategic consciousness, to keep coming with guides identifiers of strategic consciousness. This will absolutely help present knowledge and understanding among the sample of the study. 

Abstract:            The research aims to identify the components of the strategy of operations and their role in enhancing the effectiveness of crisis management. A hypothetical scheme was adopted through definition of the hypotheses to achieve objectives. The descriptive and analytical methods were used to analyze results. The problem of the research centered on the idea that is there any clear perception among managers and employees to the components of the operations strategy, the effectiveness of crisis management, the nature of the correlation and impact between the two variables of research. The questionnaire was used as a key tool to collect data on the field side of the research, and the Badush Cement Factory was selected to expand the community to apply the research and others. The research sample consisted of (57) respondents, it included the lab manager, assistants, department directors, all divisions and a group of lab technicians. The analysis was performed through the application of SPSS statistical program and the research came out with a number of conclusions. The most important of which is a significant correlation and impact relationship between the components of the operations strategy. The effectiveness of crisis management in the researched laboratory, and based on the conclusions were presented a set of proposals. The most important of which is the need for the management of the laboratory attention to the components of the operations strategy as it has a role in enhancing the effectiveness of crisis management in terms of making sound decisions to address crises that occur surprisingly.

Abstract: Some of the economic variables including foreign trade have been developed clearly at the end of the twentieth century and two decades of the twenty-first century. They have contributed to the development and economic growth of the various countries of the world, including the GCC countries as a regional organization characterized by self-specificity. It faces many challenges according to the regional and international environment on the one hand and the size of cultural and spatial heritage on the other. The problem of research is the lack of relative diversity in commodity production and the adoption of the GCC countries, including Saudi Arabia on the revenues of oil exports to finance imports, including consumer to meet the need of increasing domestic demand and capital and intermediate imports to stimulate growth and economic development, The research aims to identify the main features of GCC countries, also trends in the foreign trade, and analyze results estimate of the impact of commodity exports and other variables in the economic growth of Saudi Arabia as a model .